In these caves, you will discover four Chaityas (prayer halls), one featuring a stupa and single cell, alongside numerous Viharas (residential cells), which offer a glimpse into the daily lives of the ancient monks.
Attributed to the Kshatrapa and Satavahana dynasties, with contributions from the Vakatakas in the 5th century CE, Pitalkhora's caves are adorned with sculptures, paintings, and other Buddhist relics. But the allure of Pitalkhora extends beyond its historical significance—it's also one of the most picturesque sites, giving you the view of a stunning waterfall, you must cross to reach.
As a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India, Pitalkhora Caves is a captivating testament to ancient craftsmanship and rich history!
Intricate sculptures lie within
Stylistically reminiscent of cave structures in Nasik, Bhaje and Karla, Pitalkhora sets itself apart with its elaborate Vihara doorways, hinting at its significance in ancient times. As you wander this captivating site, you'll encounter around seven significant inscriptions dating from 250 BC to the 4th Century CE. These mention the names of the donors, the Satavahana lineage, and prominent cities like Pathitana and Dhanyakataka. The caves are categorised into two groups - Group I and Group II. Group I comprises caves numbered 1 to 9, while Group II comprises 10 to 14.
In Cave no. 3, you will find traces of paintings reminiscent of Ajanta and attributed to the Vakataka period, depicting Buddha and tales from his life. You will also encounter a meticulously crafted sculpture of a Yaksha guarding the staircase alongside a line of bejewelled elephants seemingly holding the vihara. In Cave 4, you will find sculptures depicting Prince Gautama's (Buddha’s early years) departure from his palace, alongside elephants and horses immortalised in stone.
Don't miss the magnificent drainage system and the cistern that collects water from the mountains. While venturing deeper, you will see long tunnels in the ceiling, channelling flowing water under the floor into concealed cisterns leading out of the cave—a testament to ancient ingenuity.
Conjured by a mythical architect
The Pitalkhora Caves are believed to have been crafted during the reign of the mighty Satavahanas dynasty, which once ruled the region.
Legends also swirl around the origin of these caves. According to local lore, the Pandavas may have had a hand in their construction during their fabled 12-year exile in the forest. Yet another fascinating tale revolves around Vishwakarma, the divine architect who is said to have designed the entire universe. As the story goes, he wielded his extraordinary powers to conjure the Pitalkhora Caves overnight, showcasing the awe-inspiring extent of his architectural prowess.
