Exploring Bihar's storied past

To truly immerse oneself in Bihar's vibrant culture and traditions, one must delve into its rich history. Bihar, with a history spanning over a thousand years, was first settled by the Indo-Aryans, whose arrival brought forth a legacy of rich architecture and craftsmanship. This historical treasure is still evident in Bihar's remarkable monuments. According to legend, it was in Bihar's Mahabodhi Temple, under the Bodhi tree, that Buddha attained enlightenment and laid the foundation for the rapid spread of Buddhism throughout the state. Another intriguing chapter in Bihar's history revolves around Nalanda University, established by the Guptas and known as Nalanda Vishwa Vidyalaya. This renowned institution boasted the world's most extensive library, housing a diverse collection of books. Patna, the present-day capital of Bihar, was originally called Patliputra, a name derived from its prosperity and profound religious significance.

Reflection of the grandeur

In the northeastern state of Bihar, India, lies the captivating archaeological site of Nalanda Mahavihara, an expansive expanse spanning 23 hectares. Here, history comes to life as you explore the remnants dating back to approximately the 3rd century BCE. This site boasts the distinction of being one of the earliest, largest, and longest-standing monastic and scholastic establishments in the Indian subcontinent, with its legacy spanning from the 5th century CE to the 13th century CE, when Nalanda met a fateful end.

Amidst these hallowed grounds, you'll encounter stupas, chaityas, viharas, shrines, and a plethora of votive structures, all adorned with intricate artistry in stucco, stone, and metal. The layout of these structures tells a captivating tale, bearing witness to the evolution of Buddhism into a fully-fledged religion and the flourishing of monastic and educational traditions.

State’s vibrant festivals

Bihar, a land steeped in rich culture and traditions and a cradle of religions like Buddhism and Jainism, is host to a multitude of festivals that reflect the essence of its people's way of life. Among the prominent celebrations are Holi, Saraswati Puja, Durga Puja, Diwali, and Bhaiya Dooj, widely recognised across India.

However, Bihar is distinctively known for 'Chhath,' a festival deeply ingrained in the hearts of Hindus in the region. Dedicated to the Sun God and Chhathi goddess, Chhath commences during Kartik Shukla Paksha, typically falling between late October and mid-November, spanning a celebration of up to four days. Biharis observe this festival with great devotion and fervour.

Holi, another significant festival in Bihar, locally referred to as Phagua, is distinguished by rhythmic and melodic song lyrics that lend an enchanting quality to the festivities. The festival carries a historical legacy, intertwined with Biraha, a beloved folk tradition cherished by the locals. Throughout Bihar, Holi unfolds with fervour, featuring vibrant daytime colour play followed by evening performances of folk songs and dances that captivate the senses.

Bihar's influential musical heritage

Bihar stands as a significant influencer in the realm of Indian classical music, particularly through its Maithili music tradition. Renowned musicians like Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan, esteemed dhrupad vocalists from the Mallik and Mishra lineage, and celebrated poets such as Vidyapati Thakur have all hailed from this vibrant musical heritage. Classical music in Bihar finds its roots in the Hindustani classical music tradition. The Bidesia dance holds a special place among the Bhojpuri people of Bihar, especially among tribal communities and in regions where the Bhojpuri language is spoken. In the northern parts of Bihar, the Jat-Jatin dance is well-known, while the Jijya dance enjoys popularity across the state.

Traditional songs dating back to ancient times, even preceding Brahma, play an integral role in Bihar's birth and marriage ceremonies. These songs are typically sung collectively, often accompanied by minimal instrumentation, with instruments like the dholak, tabla, and harmonium enhancing the melodic beauty of the songs. Bihar's musical legacy continues to captivate and enrich its cultural tapestry.

Seeking serenity and wellness

Bodhgaya has evolved into a pivotal destination for Buddhist pilgrims and seekers of yoga and inner reflection. It serves as a sanctuary for those seeking solace from the rigors of daily life. If you're yearning for respite from the hustle and bustle, consider exploring the serene realms of Bodhgaya and Nalanda. Here, the practices of yoga and contemplation have gained prominence as potent remedies for physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Then you can also embark on a profound spiritual odyssey unravelling the significance of Gautam Buddha in the state. The roots of Buddhism in this sacred land have drawn pilgrims and travellers from across the globe, solidifying its place as one of the most sought-after spiritual destinations worldwide.

From the kitchen of Bihar

Bihari cuisine boasts diverse meal options you must try, including the quintessential "sattu" for breakfast. This ground chickpea flour is a refreshing summer morning staple, often mixed with water, onions, green chilies, and salt, providing both energy and satisfaction. Traditionally, laborers and farmers carry sattu in cloth pouches, kneading it at mealtime to create simple, flavourful balls. Another delightful variation is "ghenvada," made by kneading sattu with sugar and ghee.

Additional breakfast options include "ghugni," a savoury mixture of soaked Bengal gram (chana) cooked with onions and spices, served with "chooda" or beaten rice flakes. In the winter, peas replace chana in a dish known as "matar ghugni," enjoyed with chooda. Another breakfast favourite is "puri," fried and salted wheat flour bread. Often, puri is stuffed with spicy sattu mix or dal, creating delicious variations like "sattu ki puri" or "dal puri."

A treasure trove of handicrafts and artistry

Embarking on a shopping excursion in Bihar unveils a world of exquisite handicrafts and artistic creations. Here, you'll discover a diverse range of offerings, from intricately hand-painted wall hangings to finely crafted wooden stools, delicate miniatures on paper and leaves, and distinctive stone pottery. Leather goods and appliques showcase the skilled craftsmanship of the region. Bihar's artistic prowess extends to Sujini embroidery, Sikkigrass work, Yampuri puppets, Tikuli work, Bangla work, lacquerware ceramics, bamboo creations, and printed textiles, each a testament to the state's rich artistic heritage. These remarkable artworks often find a place in urban homes and are sought after for export as well.

Among Bihar's artistic traditions, the works of Madhubani artists stand out. These narratives, predominantly depicting mythological and religious events, are exclusively crafted by women from Mithila. They employ natural colours on paper and cloth to render these tales in a captivating and artistic manner. A shopping experience in Bihar promises to be a delightful journey into a world of creativity and craftsmanship.