Here are some distinct culinary features and dishes from the state of Arunachal Pradesh:
Snacks and Chutneys: The typical Arunachalee often pairs their food with chutneys or pickles. Almost every dish and meal is enriched with these accompaniments, elevating the culinary journey. Given their high tolerance for spice, many Arunachal chutneys pack a fiery punch, potentially overwhelming for newcomers. The supremely spicy King Chilly, found naturally across the state, is an integral component in many local recipes. Some notable snacks and chutneys include:
Khapse: Originating from regions like Tawang, West Kameng, Mechuka in West Siang, and Tuting in Upper Siang, this is essentially a sweet biscuit. It’s a staple during Losar celebrations and weddings.
Bay: Predominantly savored by the Puroik tribe and known as Sakap by the Nyishis, this breakfast or snack dish is derived from Tassa, the inner substance of the Rangbang (Sago palm) stem.
Bamboo Shoot Pickle: While bamboo shoot is a key ingredient in local dishes, this pickle version borrows techniques from external cuisines and incorporates some non-native ingredients.
Byak/Byake Chutney: Byake, akin to Thai eggplant, is commonly consumed as a chutney accompanying main dishes.
Lukter: A staple in Arunachalee households, Lukter (or Yamter/Dakter) consists of dried chillies and dried/smoked meat.
Pehak: One of Arunachal's famed dishes, Pehak, combines fermented soya bean and King Chilly for a spicy chutney.
Papuk: Crafted from banana blossom, this nutritious chutney offers both flavor and health benefits.
Meuouk Taam: A pure, organic tomato chutney.
Rice: For the residents of Arunachal Pradesh, rice holds the place of honor on their dining tables. While meats, gravies, and chutneys complement their meals, it's rice that remains indispensable, marking the meal's authenticity. This reverence for rice has inspired the locals to innovate and diversify its preparation methods. Here are some renowned rice dishes:
Khaow Nam Paak (rice with chicken or fish): A specialty of the Khampti tribes, it's often dubbed the "Khampti khichri." It bears resemblance to risotto in its texture and richness.
Kaaji (rice enriched with pork fat): Hailing from the culinary traditions of the Apatani Tribe in the Lower Subansiri District, this dish epitomizes comfort food.
Bamboo Shoots: Bamboo shoots are a staple in Arunachali cuisine. Often fermented, they infuse dishes like curries and chutneys with a unique flavor. The myriad ways in which bamboo shoots can be prepared—whether fresh, fermented, dried, or pickled—add to their appeal. They can enhance both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes or stand out as a dish in their own right. In Arunachal, almost every household, particularly those of the Tani ethnic group, considers bamboo shoots an essential kitchen ingredient.
Vegetarian Fare: While at first glance the native Arunachalee might appear predominantly meat eaters (a not entirely false impression), greens and veggies hold a significant place in their meals. In every dining experience, the primary meat dish is often accompanied by or infused with vegetables or followed by a distinct vegetable dish. Some notable vegetarian specialties include:
Khunchang-Tok (Banana Blossom): A unique preparation by the Tangsa tribe from Changlang District, this dish demands detailed preparation and a specific cooking technique.
Hokka Pada: Hokka Pada also known as Dhekia Saag in the region, stands out as another well-loved vegetarian dish in Arunachal Pradesh.
Oyik Aao (Local Green Leaf Vegetable): Widely enjoyed throughout the Tani region of Arunachal Pradesh, this leafy green dish is a favorite.
Tho Phan (Boiled Beans): A straightforward yet nutritious Khampti dish made of boiled beans.
To Doh (Spiced Yam): A breakfast delicacy, this dish stands out among the Nocte tribe residing in Arunachal Pradesh's eastern Tirap District.
Fish Delicacies: With its vast rivers, rich biodiversity, and generous geography, Arunachal Pradesh boasts a remarkable aquatic ecosystem. Such a lush environment yields an array of freshwater fish species, making Arunachal Pradesh's inhabitants naturally inclined towards piscatorial delights. Some distinguished preparations include:
Ngui / Mui Ramnam (Smoked Dried Fish with Hiyub) - Across Arunachal Pradesh's tribes, smoked meat/fish stands out, either as a culinary technique or a preservation method.
Anu-Nu (Rice Dish with Fish/Chicken) - An Idu-Mishmi delicacy, this dish masterfully blends methods like boiling and frying.
Ngah Weeh (Nocte Style Steamed Fish) - The Noctes, residing in the eastern Tirap district, share cultural similarities with the extensive Naga communities in Nagaland and neighboring Burma.
Ngolum (Fish Cooked in Hollow Bamboo Tubes) - Originating from the Galo tribe of the West and Lower Siang Districts, this cooking style, with its unique variations, is popular among all the state's tribes.
Paa-Pho (Small Fish with Dried Bamboo Shoot) - A signature Khampti dish; its preparation method differentiates it despite shared ingredients with other state cuisines.
Kong E Penam (Fish Cooked in Bamboo Tube) - An authentic Adi recipe, this method of cooking is widespread throughout the Tani region.